suppressed by the state through the 1980s and ultimately never formed an organized national opposition. However, it seems that a significant far-right presence persisted throughout the regime’s existence. By 1990, before reunification was completed, the extreme right “subculture had not yet evolved into a political movement,” Botsch observes.

Revitalized national debates in East Asia, Europe and the Middle East about nuclear status and strategy suggest there is some potential for more states to develop their own nuclear weapons. In addition, there has been renewed attention on nuclear-sharing arrangements. In 2024 both Belarus and Russia repeated their claims that Russia has deployed nu

the number of warheads they deploy on strategic missiles seems likely to increase after the bilateral 2010 Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START) expires in February 2026. The USA’s comprehensive nuclear modernization programme is progressing but in 2024 faced planning and funding chall

the key revelation is that Iranian military and nuclear systems had been deeply compromised over the years, considering Israel knew exactly what buildings and compounds to target. The complete absence of air assets to intercept and challenge Israeli jets over Iranian skies—operating thousands of miles away from their home bases and hence also in

Dozens of entities, both Iranian and non-Iranian, have been designated for sanctions for their involvement in Iran’s missile programs. Through May 2025, the Trump Administration designated 30 such persons and entities, including for involvement in Iran’s efforts to “domestically develop carbon fiber materials needed to manufacture intercontin